{"id":5246,"date":"2025-03-01T00:10:10","date_gmt":"2025-02-28T23:10:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/ku\/?p=5246"},"modified":"2025-03-01T00:10:10","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T23:10:10","slug":"%d8%ae%d9%88%db%8e%d9%86%d8%af%d9%86%db%95%d9%88%db%95%db%8c-%d8%a6%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86-%d8%b4%db%8e%d8%b9%d8%b1%db%8c-%da%95%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%88%d9%86-%da%95%db%86%da%98%d9%87%db%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/ku\/2025\/03\/01\/%d8%ae%d9%88%db%8e%d9%86%d8%af%d9%86%db%95%d9%88%db%95%db%8c-%d8%a6%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86-%d8%b4%db%8e%d8%b9%d8%b1%db%8c-%da%95%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%88%d9%86-%da%95%db%86%da%98%d9%87%db%95\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u063a\u06d5\u0632\u06d5\u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0695\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0695\u06c6\u0698\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 24px;\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong style=\"color: #009fdb; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0695\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06d5 \u0634\u06ce\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06c6\u06b5\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af\u06cc \u0698\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06b5\u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5: \u0661\u0661\u06cc \u0695\u06d5\u0634\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u06cc \u0662\u0667\u0662\u0664\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u062f\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u063a\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u06d5\u0647\u0644\u0627 (\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665):\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u063a\u06d5\u0632\u06d5\u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0695\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0695\u06c6\u0698\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>. \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af\u06cc \u0698\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u061b \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06c6\u06b5\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u062a\u06cc\u0634\u06a9.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628\u06d5\u0695\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06d5\u0648\u06cc &#8220;\u062f\u0627\u06b5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u06d5\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0631\u06d5&#8221; \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a\u06d5 \u0647\u06c6\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0642\u0627\u0645\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06b5\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u061b \u062f\u0627\u06b5\u06cc Master \u06cc\u0627\u062e\u0648\u062f \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u067e\u06ce\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u06b5\u06ce\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06b5\u06cc \u06af\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u06d5. \u062f\u0627\u06b5\u06cc \u06af\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u06d5 \u062f\u0627\u06b5\u06ce\u06a9\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u062e\u06c6\u06cc \u0628\u06ce\u200c\u0645\u06d5\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0644\u06d5 \u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a\u06d5 \u0647\u06c6\u06cc \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06af\u0631\u062a\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0644\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06b5 \u0645\u06d5\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0644\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646. <\/strong><strong>\u0644\u06ce\u0631\u06d5\u062f\u0627 &#8220;\u0648\u06b5\u0627\u062a\/\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06d5. \u0648\u06b5\u0627\u062a\/\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0645\u0648\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0642 \u0648 \u06a9\u06c6\u062f\u06d5\u0642. &#8220;\u0648\u06b5\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06d5 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0644\u0627\u06a4\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06c6\u0645\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06d5\u0631\u060c \u06af\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u060c \u0686\u06d5\u06a9 \u0648 &#8230;<br \/>\n[&#8230;]\u0631\u0628\/\u062d\u0642 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0632\u06d5\u0644\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062a\u0627\u06a9 \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u06d5\u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u062c\u06ce\u06af\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06d5 \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06ce\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0626\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0698\u06ce\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06d5 \u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce \u0634\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u06d5\u067e\u06ce\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0686\u06cc\u062a\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06d5\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0626\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u06d5\u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc \u0648\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06ce\u0646\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0628\u06c6 \u0626\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06d5 \u062c\u06d5\u0648\u0647\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u06d5\u0642\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0648\u06b5 \u0628\u062f\u0627&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image t-img--small\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tishk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/02-English.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0634\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u06b5\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5:<\/b> \u0626\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00a0\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u067e\u06cc: <\/strong>CC-BY-NC 4.0<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af:<\/strong> \u0698\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06c6\u06b5\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u062a\u06cc\u0634\u06a9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0631:<\/b> \u0634\u06d5\u0647\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u063a\u06cc<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u06ce\u0695:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><b>\u0695\u06ce\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u062a: <\/b>\u0661\u0661\u06cc \u0695\u06d5\u0634\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u06cc \u0662\u0667\u0662\u0664\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0626\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06c6\u06cc: <\/b>\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06c6\u06b5\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u062a\u06cc\u0634\u06a9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Copyright: <\/strong>\u00a9 2025 by TISHK Center for Kurdistan Studies is licensed under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/?ref=chooser-v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">CC BY-NC 4.0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"icon\" data-v-a0d4e8a8=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chooser-beta.creativecommons.org\/img\/cc-logo.f0ab4ebe.svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" data-v-a0d4e8a8=\"\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chooser-beta.creativecommons.org\/img\/cc-by.21b728bb.svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" data-v-a0d4e8a8=\"\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u063a\u06d5\u0632\u06d5\u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0695\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0695\u06c6\u0698\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8220;\u0648\u06b5\u0627\u062a&#8221; 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\u06cc\u0627 &#8220;\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u06b5\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u061f \u0628\u06b5\u06ce\u06cc \u064a\u0654\u06d5\u0645\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u0648\u0628\u06ce\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0647\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0695\u06c6\u0698 \u0628\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u06cc \u064a\u0654\u06d5\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u064a\u0654\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u064a\u0654\u0627\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u0633\u06ce\u06b5\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06ce \u0648 \u062a\u06c6\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06ce \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06d5\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0648\u0642\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u06d5\u062a\u06cc. \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06af\u06d5\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0634 \u0648\u0634\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06d5 \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u06d5\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9 \u062f\u06d5\u0686\u06ce\u062a\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646. \u0647\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u0627\u063a\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u06c6 \u06af\u06ce\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u06d5\u0695\u0646\u06ce. \u064a\u0654\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06b5 \u067e\u06d5\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06a9\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06b5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0634\u06d5\u067e\u06c6\u0644\u06cc \u064a\u0654\u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u062f\u0627. \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06cc &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0628\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646&#8221; 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