{"id":3482,"date":"2024-05-01T22:44:45","date_gmt":"2024-05-01T22:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/?p=3482"},"modified":"2024-05-01T22:44:45","modified_gmt":"2024-05-01T22:44:45","slug":"%d9%85%db%95%d8%b1%d8%ac%db%95-%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c%db%8c%db%95%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d9%88%db%95%d8%b1%da%af%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%86%db%8c-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/2024\/01\/3482\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u062c\u06d5 \u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u06af\u06c6\u06a4\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d5\u06b5\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06af\u06c6 \u0648\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u06af\u0631\u06ce. \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06ce\u06a9\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06d5 \u067e\u06ce\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0698\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9 \u0647\u06d5\u0628\u0648\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06ce \u0644\u06d5 \u067e\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06ce\u0632\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0628\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0628\u06a9\u06d5\u0646\u060c \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce \u0647\u06d5\u0645\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u067e\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06ce\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06ce\u0646\u0646. \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0626\u0627\u06af\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce \u0628\u06d5 \u062a\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u0646 \u0648 \u0698\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u067e\u06d5\u0695\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06a9\u06d5\u0646. \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u06c6\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u06ce\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5\u062c\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0648\u067e\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0628\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0644\u06d5 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0698\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5 \u0686\u06d5\u0646\u062f \u0634\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0661. \u06a9\u062a\u06ce\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u06d5\u0628\u062f\u0648\u06b5\u0695\u06d5\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0648\u060c\u00a0\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/em>\u060c \u0648\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u06ce\u0695\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0639\u06d5\u0628\u062f\u0648\u06b5\u06b5\u0627 \u062d\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0646\u200c\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06d5 (\u0647\u06d5\u0648\u0644\u06ce\u0631: \u0686\u0627\u067e\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u0695\u06c6\u0698\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0664)\u060c \u0663\u0662\u0660.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06d5 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0633\u06cc (\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0630\u060c \u0661\u0663\u0668\u0663) \u0665-\u0666.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Robert Olson,\u00a0The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Shikh Said Rebellion 1880-1925<\/em>\u00a0(Austin, University of Texas Press, 1989) 83-4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0662. \u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06ce\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u062a\u06ce\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abbas Vali, \u201cNationalism and the Question of Origins,\u201d in\u00a0Essays on the Origins of Kurdish Nationalism<\/em>, ed. Abbas Vali, (Costa Mesa: Mazda Publisher, 2003), 8-9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u06af\u06c6\u06a4\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06b5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0626\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0626\u06d5\u062d\u0645\u06d5\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u201c\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0695\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c\u201d\u00a0\u06af\u06c6\u06a4\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0634\u06a9<\/em>\u00a0\u0664\u0668 (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0668): \u0661\u0663-\u0661\u0667.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ahmad Mohammadpour and Kamal Soleimani, \u201cInterrogating the tribal: the aporia of \u2018tribalism\u2019 in the sociological study of the Middle East,\u201d\u00a0The British Journal of Sociology<\/em>\u00a0(2019 online): 18.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0695\u06ce\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06d5\u0631\u062c\u06d5 \u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0661. \u062a\u06cc\u0634\u06a9 \u0628\u06d5 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[99],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-99"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3482"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3482\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3483,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3482\/revisions\/3483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}