{"id":6654,"date":"2025-10-20T00:51:27","date_gmt":"2025-10-19T22:51:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/?p=6654"},"modified":"2025-10-20T00:51:27","modified_gmt":"2025-10-19T22:51:27","slug":"%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d8%b2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/2025\/20\/6654\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1302px;margin-left: calc(-5% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-5% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.375%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.375%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.375%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-small:2.375%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><table style=\"width: 100%; height: 24px;\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>TISHK Book<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #00ccff;\"><strong>\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u062a\u06cc\u0634\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a: \u0661\u0666\/\u0661\u0660\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.69939\/TISHK0016\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.69939\/TISHK<span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">0<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">016<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1302px;margin-left: calc(-5% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-5% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:rgba(0,160,214,0.15);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(0,160,214,0.15);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.5625%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.5625%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.5625%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.5625%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-small:2.375%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-margin-top:10px;--awb-margin-right:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-left:10px;\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u062f\u06d5 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u200c\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a-\u0645\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06af\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u00a0 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06af\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"840\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"842\" data-end=\"1103\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong>\u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u06c0 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0641\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 awb-sticky awb-sticky-medium awb-sticky-large fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:7.125%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:7.125%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:7.125%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:7.125%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-margin-top-small:60px;--awb-spacing-right-small:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-small:2.375%;--awb-sticky-offset:60px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:5px solid var(--awb-custom_color_4);\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/tishk.org\/ku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/10\/Language_policy_and_planning_for_education_in_East_Kurdistan_PDF.pdf\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"Front Site web\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/Front-Site-web.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/Front-Site-web-214x300.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-6656\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271143%27%20height%3D%271599%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201143%201599%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271143%27%20height%3D%271599%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/Front-Site-web-200x280.jpg 200w, https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/Front-Site-web-400x560.jpg 400w, https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/Front-Site-web-600x839.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/Front-Site-web-800x1119.jpg 800w, https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/Front-Site-web.jpg 1143w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-color1);border-color:var(--awb-color1);border-top-width:4px;border-bottom-width:4px;\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/tishk.org\/ku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/10\/Language_policy_and_planning_for_education_in_East_Kurdistan_PDF.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1302px;margin-left: calc(-5% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-5% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:4.75%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:4.75%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:4.75%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:4.75%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-small:2.375%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><ul style=\"--awb-line-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-width:27.2px;--awb-icon-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-margin:11.2px;--awb-content-margin:38.4px;--awb-circlecolor:var(--awb-custom_color_4);--awb-circle-yes-font-size:14.08px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-1 fusion-checklist-default type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647:<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0627<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><b>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc:<\/b> \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u062a\u06cc\u0634\u06a9<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0628\u064f\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><b>\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646:\u00a0 <\/b>\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:4.75%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:4.75%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:4.75%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:4.75%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-small:2.375%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><ul style=\"--awb-line-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-width:27.2px;--awb-icon-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-margin:11.2px;--awb-content-margin:38.4px;--awb-circlecolor:var(--awb-custom_color_4);--awb-circle-yes-font-size:14.08px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-2 fusion-checklist-default type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>ISBN (Print) 978-3-68939-012-9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>ISBN (Online) 978-3-68939-013-6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>ISSN: 3052-2242<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>E-ISSN:\u00a0 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u061b <a href=\"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/1379145015\">https:\/\/d-nb.info\/1379145015<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.69939\/TISHK0016\">DOI: 10.69939\/TISHK001<\/a>6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1302px;margin-left: calc(-5% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-5% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.375%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.375%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.375%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-small:2.375%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><ul style=\"--awb-line-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-width:27.2px;--awb-icon-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-margin:11.2px;--awb-content-margin:38.4px;--awb-circlecolor:var(--awb-custom_color_4);--awb-circle-yes-font-size:14.08px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-3 fusion-checklist-default type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Copyright: <\/strong>\u00a9 2025 by TISHK Center for Kurdistan Studies is licensed under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/?ref=chooser-v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">CC BY-NC 4.0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"icon\" data-v-a0d4e8a8=\"\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%2720%27%20height%3D%2720%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2020%2020%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%2720%27%20height%3D%2720%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/chooser-beta.creativecommons.org\/img\/cc-logo.f0ab4ebe.svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" data-v-a0d4e8a8=\"\" \/><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%2720%27%20height%3D%2720%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2020%2020%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%2720%27%20height%3D%2720%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/chooser-beta.creativecommons.org\/img\/cc-by.21b728bb.svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" data-v-a0d4e8a8=\"\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6657,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[149],"tags":[78,301,207,146],"class_list":["post-6654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-149","tag-78","tag-301","tag-207","tag-146"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/Cover-web.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6654"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6658,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6654\/revisions\/6658"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tishk.org\/pe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}